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早稲田大学研究者データベース Waseda University Researchers Database Details of a Researcher Home 日本語 English 早稲田大学研究者データベース Waseda University Researchers Database Menu Japanese Page Back to Waseda Univ. Waseda University Researchers Database Personnel Information ▼ ◆ Profile Information ◆ Education Background ◆ Research Areas ◆ Research Interests ◆ Awards Research Activity ▼ ◆ Papers ◆ Books and Other Publications ◆ Presentations ◆ Research Projects Education Activity ▼ ◆ Syllabus Contribution to Society ▼ ◆ Research Institute ◆ Internal Special Research Projects × Updated on 2024/05/16 　Personnel Information ◆ Profile Information ◆ Education Background ◆ Research Areas ◆ Research Interests ◆ Awards 　Research Activity ◆ Papers ◆ Books and Other Publications ◆ Presentations ◆ Research Projects 　Education Activity ◆ Syllabus 　Contribution to Society ◆ Research Institute ◆ Internal Special Research Projects Updated on 2024/05/16   TAKAHASHI, Ryo   Scopus Paper Info   Paper Count: 16  Citation Count: 297  h-index: 9 Click to view the Scopus page. The data was downloaded from Scopus API in May 15, 2024, via http://api.elsevier.com and http://www.scopus.com . Google Scholar Information (Citations per year) Google Scholar Information (Citations per year)   Citation Count: 601 h-index: 11 i10-index: 14 Click to view the Google Scholar page. Scopus Information News & Topics 2024.04.02 Innovators: Research Recap 2024, Waseda University 2024.03.25 Joy-of-Destruction Game to Uncover Sentiments of Host Communities Toward Rohingya Refugees Affiliation Faculty of Political Science and Economics, School of Political Science and Economics Job title Associate Professor Degree Ph.D. (International Studies) ( The University of Tokyo ) Homepage URL https://prj-takahashi.w.waseda.jp/en/ Education Background Education Background 　 - 2013 The University of Tokyo   Department of International Studies   Research Areas Research Areas Economic policy Research Interests Research Interests Development Economics, Econometric, Environmenal economics, Spatial Information System, Africa Awards Awards Dean’s Award, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Japan (awarded to the Ph.D. dissertation) 2014.03   Dean’s Award, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Japan (awarded to the master’s thesis) 2010.03     Papers Papers Beyond Ostrom: Randomized experiment of the impact of individualized tree rights on forest management in Ethiopia Ryo Takahashi, Keijiro Otsuka, Mesfin Tilahun, Emiru Birhane, Stein Holden World Development   178   106586 - 106586  2024.06  [Refereed] Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author DOI Scopus Who is attracted to purchase green products through information provision: A nationwide social experiment to promote eco-friendly coffee Ryo Takahashi Environmental Science & Policy   124   593 - 603  2021.10  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author DOI Scopus 6 Citation (Scopus) How to stimulate environmentally friendly consumption: Evidence from a nationwide social experiment in Japan to promote eco-friendly coffee Ryo Takahashi Ecological Economics   186   107082 - 107082  2021.08  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author DOI Scopus 17 Citation (Scopus) Social punishment for breaching restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic Ryo Takahashi, Kenta Tanaka Economic Inquiry    2021.07  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author DOI Scopus 3 Citation (Scopus) An Experimental Study of the Effect of Energy Label Design on the Correct Evaluation of Buildings&＃39; Energy Performance and Promotion of Energy Saving Mieko Fujisawa, Kazuhisa Takemura, Yukihiko Funaki, Nobuyuki Uto, Ryo Takahashi    2020  [Refereed]  [International journal] How Can We Motivate Consumers to Purchase Certified Forest Coffee? Evidence From a Laboratory Randomized Experiment Using Eye-trackers Ryo Takahashi, Yasuyuki Todo, Yukihiko Funaki Ecological Economics   150   107 - 121  2018.08  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author 　View Summary By conducting a laboratory experiment, we investigate how consumers’ purchasing behavior for certified forest coffee is affected by consumers’ interest in environmental issues, the provision of information, and product labels. We contribute to the literature in the following three ways. First, we conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to control biases due to endogeneity. Second, we utilize eye-trackers to examine how different product labels result in different visual attention. The combination of an RCT and eye-tracking techniques is new in the literature on purchasing behavior for environmentally friendly products. Third, our experiment measures participants’ purchasing behavior that incurs actual costs rather than examining their willingness-to-pay (WTP) based on hypothetical questions. We find that concerns regarding environmental issues do not promote purchases of certified forest coffee. Information about certification programs does not have any effect on purchasing certified forest coffee unless information is provided to prior purchasers of certified forest coffee. By contrast, illustrations of forests on certified forest coffee labels attract participants’ visual attention and further stimulate actual purchases of certified forest coffee, suggesting that a 1-second increase in visual attention increases the likelihood of purchasing certified forest coffee by 22 percentage points. DOI Scopus 26 Citation (Scopus) Coffee Certification and Forest Quality: Evidence from a Wild Coffee Forest in Ethiopia Ryo Takahashi, Yasuyuki Todo WORLD DEVELOPMENT   92   158 - 166  2017.04  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author 　View Summary Shade coffee certification programs that aim to conserve the forest and to prevent forest degradation have attracted an increasing amount of attention. However, such programs&＃39; impact on forest degradation remains unclear because of the absence of empirical evidence. In addition, there is heated debate about whether certification programs create an incentive for producers to expand their coffee-growing areas, which may accelerate forest degradation in the surrounding natural forest. This study, which was conducted in Ethiopia, aimed to evaluate the impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest degradation. Additionally, to provide empirical evidence for the debate, we examined the spillover effects of certification to surrounding forest areas and used remote sensing data of 2005 and 2010 to classify forest areas based on their density. We applied matching methods, such as the propensity score matching with different algorithms, to compare forest coffee areas with and without the certification. We found that the certified forest coffee areas slightly increased in forest density. By contrast, we observed drastic forest degradation in the forest coffee areas without certification. We checked the sensitivity of our results and found that our results are robust to potential hidden bias. Furthermore, our empirical results revealed that the natural forest areas within a 100-m radius from the forest coffee boundary area exhibited significantly reduced forest degradation compared with forest areas under similar environmental conditions but that such positive and significant impact diminished after 100-m distance. These results indicate that the certification program is effective in alleviating forest degradation in the certified area and in the surrounding natural forest. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. DOI Scopus 49 Citation (Scopus) Climate, crime, and suicide: Empirical evidence from Japan Ryo Takahashi Climate Change Economics   8 ( 1 ) 1 - 14  2017.02  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author 　View Summary The relationship between climate change and violent behavior has been well documented in previous studies. Violence has two dimensions: Outward violence (i.e., crime) and inward violence (i.e., suicide). To our knowledge, rigorous empirical studies have not been performed to investigate how climate change affects both criminal and suicidal behavior. This study aims to estimate the effects of climate change on crime and suicide in Japan by using prefecture-level monthly panel data on climate, crime, and suicide between 2009 and 2015. Even after controlling for prefecture, yearly, and monthly effects, we found that many climate factors affected both crime and suicide in Japan. In particular, more aggressive behavior and an increased number of suicides were observed when the average temperature increased. Furthermore, we predicted how changes in the climate of Japan will affect future patterns of criminal and suicidal behavior based on two climate change scenarios. DOI Scopus 14 Citation (Scopus) Determinants of Forest Degradation under Private and Common Property Regimes: The Case of Ethiopia Ryo Takahashi, Keijiro Otsuka LAND ECONOMICS   92 ( 3 ) 450 - 467  2016.08  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author 　View Summary This study considers the endogenous determination of land ownership systems to rigorously compare differences in the changes in forest quality between private and common property regimes. By employing the propensity score matching method, we found that there was significantly less forest degradation in private property areas than in common property areas. We also found that good accessibility, a flat surface, and good light conditions significantly induced forest deterioration in private property areas. In contrast, we found completely opposite results for common property areas. DOI Scopus 10 Citation (Scopus) Exploring opportunities for improving rice yield and income in inland valleys of West Africa: The case of Sawah adoption in central Nigeria Susumu S. ABE, Ryo TAKAHASHI, Eiji YAMAJI, Toshiyuki WAKATSUKI Tropical Agriculture and Development   59 ( 2 ) 83 - 87  2015  [Refereed] DOI CiNii In Search of Optimum Institutions for Forest Management Keijiro Otsuka, Ryo Takahashi, Ridish Pokharel JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY   34 ( 3 ) 300 - 314  2015  [Refereed]  [International journal] 　View Summary There is a variety of forest management institutions ranging from state management to community and private management. This article attempts to identify the conditions under which one institution outperforms the others in the efficiency of forest management based on a review of the literature, empirical evidence on the dominant forest management institutions, and theoretical arguments. In conclusion, we argue that the community management system performs best for nontimber forests, whereas a mixed management system, in which forest protection is carried out communally and tree management is carried out individually, is likely to work best for timber forests. DOI Scopus 6 Citation (Scopus) The effects of a participatory approach on the adoption of agricultural technology: Focusing on the social network structure in rural Ethiopia Takahashi, Ryo, Yasuyuki Todo, Terefe Degefa Studies in Agricultural Economics   117 ( 1 ) 50 - 56  2015  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author 　View Summary This study empirically examined the effects of the participatory approach on the adoption of new crop varieties and agricultural practices. Particularly, we focused on the social network structure and examined how the introduced technologies diffused through networks in rural Ethiopia. Our empirical results indicate that if farmers knew and trusted fellow participants, the probability of adopting a new maize variety increased by 25 percentage points. However, this network had no statistical impact on the diffusion of new agricultural practices. We conclude that the participatory approach has great potential in the adoption of new crop varieties through the social networks of farmers in Ethiopia. DOI Scopus 9 Citation (Scopus) The impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation using remote sensing and household data Ryo Takahashi, Yasuyuki Todo ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW   44   76 - 81  2014.01  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author 　View Summary In recent years, shade coffee certification programs have attracted increasing attention from forest conservation and development organizations. The certification programs could be expected to promote forest conservation by providing a premium price to shade coffee producers. However, little is known about the significance of the conservation efforts generated by certification programs. In particular, the relationship between the impact of the certification and producer characteristics has yet to be examined. The purpose of this study, which was conducted in Ethiopia, was to examine the impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation and its relationship with the socioeconomic characteristics of the producers. Remote sensing data of 2005 and 2010 was used to gauge the changes in forest area. Employing a probit model, we found that a forest coffee area being certified increased the probability of forest conservation by 193 percentage points relative to forest coffee areas lacking certification. We also found that although economically poor producers tended to engage in forest clearing, the forest coffee certification program had a significant impact on these producers. This result suggests that the certification program significantly affects the behaviors of economically poor producers and motivates these producers to conserve the forest. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI Scopus 30 Citation (Scopus) The impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation: A case study from a wild coffee forest in Ethiopia Ryo Takahashi, Yasuyuki Todo JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT   130   48 - 54  2013.11  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author 　View Summary In recent years, shade coffee certification programs have attracted increasing attention from conservation and development organizations. Certification programs offer an opportunity to link environmental and economic goals by providing a premium price to producers and thereby contributing to forest conservation. However, the significance of the conservation efforts of certification programs remains unclear because of a lack of empirical evidence. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation. The study was conducted in the Belete-Gera Regional Forest Priority Area in Ethiopia, and remote sensing data of 2005 and 2010 were used to gauge the change of forest area. Using propensity score matching estimation, we found that forests under the coffee certification program were less likely to be deforested than forests without forest coffee. By contrast, the difference in the degree of deforestation between forests with forest coffee but not under the certification program and forests with no forest coffee is statistically insignificant. These results suggest that the certification program has had a large effect on forest protection, decreasing the probability of deforestation by 1.7 percentage points. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI Scopus 45 Citation (Scopus) IMPACT OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME AND SKILLS: EVIDENCE FROM AN AID-FUNDED PROJECT IN RURAL ETHIOPIA Yasuyuki Todo, Ryo Takahashi JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT   25 ( 3 ) 362 - 381  2013.04  [Refereed]  [International journal] 　View Summary This study estimates the effect of farmer field schools in rural Ethiopia on income from agriculture. The farmer field schools were established in association with participatory forest management associations for forest protection funded by Japanese aid. We employ a difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach to correct for possible biases due to selection of participants. We find that by participating in the farmer field schools, agricultural households increased their real income per worker by about 60-160 US dollars in two years on average, which is equivalent to, or even more than, the average income per worker before the project. We also find evidence that the large increase in income is due to the use of new agricultural practices, such as new varieties, taught and promoted in the farmer field schools. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI Scopus 23 Citation (Scopus) Impact of Community-Based Forest Management on Forest Protection: Evidence from an Aid-Funded Project in Ethiopia Ryo Takahashi, Yasuyuki Todo ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT   50 ( 3 ) 396 - 404  2012.09  [Refereed]  [International journal] Authorship：Lead author 　View Summary Many African countries have adopted community-based forest management (CBFM) to prevent deforestation. However, empirical studies have not reached a consensus on the effectiveness of CBFM. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the establishment of participatory forest management associations in Ethiopia. We used remote sensing data to gauge the change in forest area and employed a two-stage least squares model to correct for possible biases. The results indicate that the forest area managed by forest associations declines more in the year of establishment than forest areas with no association. This finding suggests that villagers may engage in "last-minute" logging. However, 1 year after the establishment of the forest associations, the forest area of the associations increased substantially, most likely because the associations monitor illegal logging, enabling the regeneration of open areas within the registered forest area. On average, the forest area of the forest associations increased by 1.5 % in the first 2 years, whereas forest areas not managed as part of an association declined by 3.3 %. The cumulative impact over 2 years yields a net increase in the rate of change of 4.8 %. These results demonstrate that it is important to improve the monitoring of forest areas during the initial establishment of participatory forest management associations to maximize the effects of association establishment. DOI Scopus 56 Citation (Scopus) ▼display all Books and Other Publications Books and Other Publications Forest conservation in developing countries Ryo Takahashi( Part： Sole author) Keiso-shobo  2016.11 ISBN: 4326504323 Presentations Presentations Coffee certification and forest quality: A case in Ethiopia International Conference of Agricultural Economists  Presentation date： 2015.08 Determinants of Forest Degradation under Private and Common Property Regimes: The Case of Ethiopia European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE)  Presentation date： 2015.06 Determinants of forest degradation under private and common property regimes: The case of Ethiopia GRIPS Development Seminar  Presentation date： 2014.05 Impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation – a case study from a wild coffee forest in Ethiopia European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE)  Presentation date： 2013.06 Impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation – a case study from a wild coffee forest in Ethiopia European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE)  Presentation date： 2013.06 Impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation: a case study from a wild coffee forest in Ethiopia Center for Studies of African Economies (CSAE) Conference 2013  Presentation date： 2013.03 Impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest conservation: a case study from a wild coffee forest in Ethiopia 3rd Congress of the East Asian Association of Environmental and Resource Economics (EAAERE)  Presentation date： 2013.02 ▼display all Research Projects Research Projects Rohingya Refugee Camp and Resource Sustainability: Forest and Farmland Management by Tribal People and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2020.04 - 2025.03  Analysis of the impacts of Rohingya refugee influx on host communities&＃39; livelihood and environment: An interdisciplinary investigation Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2020.10 - 2024.03  デジタル技術を用いた農業生産の開発戦略：アフリカにおける社会実験 Project Year : 2019.04 - 2023.03  　View Summary 近年、開発途上国において、携帯電話やSocial Networking Service、携帯アプリといったデジタル技術が急速に広がりつつある。開発の分野では、農業生産における情報の非対称性の問題への対応策として、デジタル技術の活用が期待されている一方、その効果は限定的である。本研究は、デジタル技術の中で、どのような媒体が効果的に情報を共有できるのか、デジタル技術を利用できない集団に対して効率的に情報共有を促す条件は何かという問いに注目し、社会実験を行うことで技術の効果を検証する。近年、開発途上国において、携帯電話やSocial Networking Service、携帯アプリといったデジタル技術が急速に広がりつつある。開発の分野では、農業生産における情報の非対称性の問題への対応策として、デジタル技術の活用が期待されている一方、その効果は限定的である。本研究は、デジタル技術の中で、どのような媒体が効果的に情報を共有できるのか、デジタル技術を利用できない集団に対して効率的に情報共有を促す条件は何かという問いに注目し、社会実験を行うことで技術の効果を検証する。エチオピアにおいて、携帯電話をランダムに配布するRandomized Controlled Trial（RCT）を実施し、配布対象となった農家世帯に対してSNSの一つであるFacebookを介して情報の発信を行った。また、介入による影響を評価するため、家計情報を収集した。現在、収集されたデータをもとに、分析を行っている。一方、実験を介して、携帯電話の操作や情報の活用に教育レベルが重要であることも明らかになった。特に、教育レベルが低い状況では、農業生産に関する有益な情報が発信されていたとしても、情報が提供されている場所までアクセスすることができず、結果、携帯電話があっても有効的に活用できていないことが明らかになった。そこで、デジタル技術の効果を高めるためにも、教育の質の向上が重要であると考え、社会ネットワークによる教育効果の実験を実施すべく、準備を開始した。実験の実施および分析に必要なデータの収集を行った。また、社会ネットワークに注目した教育レベルへの実験の準備を行った。今後、収集したデータを用いて、影響について解析を行う。加えて、準備した実験を遂行する Economic and psychological effects of network diversification Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2018.04 - 2023.03  Research on Property Rights, Decision-making Processes, and Resource Use of Local Residents in Chittagong Hill Tract, Bangladesh Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2016.04 - 2021.03  HIGASHIDA Keisaku 　View Summary We conducted the mapping of 237 village common forests (VCFs) in Rangamati District in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, through fieldworks. Then, we conducted vegetation surveys and satellite image analysis, by which we have elucidated the resource stocks of those VCFs. Moreover, because headmen, the chief of villages, play a key role in determining the land use, such as shifting and plain-land cultivation, in this area, we conducted lab-in-the field experiments and questionnaire survey. Then, we clarified (i) experience as a chief increases (decreases) her/his honesty (competitiveness), (ii) the other-regarding preference of headmen negatively influences honest behavior, and (iii) the other-regarding preference of headmen positively (negatively) influences the scale of shifting cultivation (resource stocks). Alleviating the information gap in developing countries through digital technology: Social experiment using SNS Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2017.04 - 2020.03  Takahashi Ryo 　View Summary To evaluate the impact of social networking service (SNS) on alleviating information asymmetry, this research project conducted a randomized control trial (RCT) in Ethiopia. In this RCT, we randomly selected households engaging with agriculture and provided the agricultural market information through Facebook which is one of the major SNS used in the study area. Alleviating the information gap in developing countries through digital technology: Social experiment using SNS Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2017.04 - 2020.03  Takahashi Ryo 　View Summary To evaluate the impact of social networking service (SNS) on alleviating information asymmetry, this research project conducted a randomized control trial (RCT) in Ethiopia. In this RCT, we randomly selected households engaging with agriculture and provided the agricultural market information through Facebook which is one of the major SNS used in the study area. Political economy analysis on factors to prevent network diversity Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2013.06 - 2018.03  Todo Yasuyuki, SHIMAMOTO Daichi, ZHU Lianming, TAKAHASHI Ryo, KIM Yu Ri, KASHIWAGI Yuzuka 　View Summary Using firm- and household-level data from emerging economies such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and Ethiopia and firm-level data for a large number of firms in the world, this research examined two major questions: Why is it difficult to construct diversified social and economic networks that are likely to contribute to economic growth?; Do dense networks lead to political protectionism and further to closed networks? The results suggest that to prevent "middle-income traps," emerging economies should dissolve closed networks stemming from strong ties between political and economic actors by deregulation and should promote diversified networks by facilitating ties with outsiders Determinants of consumer behavior related to environmentally friendly products Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2015.04 - 2017.03  Takahashi Ryo 　View Summary In recent years, environmentally friendly products, such as products with environmental certification, have attracted increasing attention. Although the sales for environmentally friendly products in other developed countries have been growing, the sales in Japan remains very limited. In this study, I conducted the two experiments to identify the determinants of consumer behavior related environmentally friendly certified products in Japan.The results of the laboratory experiment suggested that the visual attention toward the certified products significantly increased the probability of purchase. In addition, the providing the information related the certification system also affected purchasing behavior. The importance of information provision was also observed by the social experiment using the vending machines Determinants of consumer behavior related to environmentally friendly products Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project Year : 2015.04 - 2017.03  Takahashi Ryo 　View Summary In recent years, environmentally friendly products, such as products with environmental certification, have attracted increasing attention. Although the sales for environmentally friendly products in other developed countries have been growing, the sales in Japan remains very limited. In this study, I conducted the two experiments to identify the determinants of consumer behavior related environmentally friendly certified products in Japan.The results of the laboratory experiment suggested that the visual attention toward the certified products significantly increased the probability of purchase. In addition, the providing the information related the certification system also affected purchasing behavior. The importance of information provision was also observed by the social experiment using the vending machines ▼display all   Syllabus Syllabus Development Economics II [J] 01 School of Political Science and Economics 2024   spring semester Fresh-Start Seminar [J] 48 School of Political Science and Economics 2024   spring semester Development Economics II [E] 01 School of Political Science and Economics 2024   spring semester Graduation Thesis (Takahashi, R) School of Political Science and Economics 2024   fall semester Graduation Thesis (Takahashi, R) School of Political Science and Economics 2024   spring semester Seminar on Global Political Economy IV (Takahashi, R) School of Political Science and Economics 2024   fall semester Seminar on Global Political Economy II (Takahashi, R) School of Political Science and Economics 2024   fall semester Pre-seminar on Global Political Economy[J] (Takahashi, R) School of Political Science and Economics 2024   winter quarter Seminar on Global Political Economy III (Takahashi, R) School of Political Science and Economics 2024   spring semester Seminar on Global Political Economy I (Takahashi, R) School of Political Science and Economics 2024   spring semester Economics of Development and Environment Graduate School of Political Science 2024   spring semester Economics of Development and Environment (Takahashi, R) Graduate School of Economics 2024   spring semester Doctoral Research Guidance on Economics of Development and Environment B (Takahashi, R) Graduate School of Economics 2024   fall semester Doctoral Research Guidance on Economics of Development and Environment A (Takahashi, R) Graduate School of Economics 2024   spring semester Research Guidance (Seminar) on Economics of Development and Environment B (Takahashi, R) Graduate School of Economics 2024   fall semester Research Guidance (Seminar) on Economics of Development and Environment A (Takahashi, R) Graduate School of Economics 2024   spring semester ▼display all   Research Institute Research Institute 2022 - 2024 Waseda Center for a Carbon Neutral Society   Concurrent Researcher 2022 - 2024 Waseda Institute for Advanced Study   Concurrent Researcher Internal Special Research Projects Internal Special Research Projects 女性の意見に対する寛容さにおける男女差別と社会規範の役割 2023   　View Summary 男女格差は世界的な問題であり、これまで、男女格差が生じる要因や社会経済的影響に関して数多くの研究が取り組まれてきた。男女格差を生む一つの要因として、ジェンダーバイアスが挙げられる。これまで、ジェンダーバイアスによって、女性の能力や性質などへの偏見が生まれ、結果、格差を生じさせていることが明らかとなっている。本研究では、女性の意見や主張に対する寛容度においても、ジェンダーバイアスが生じるのか、どうすればそのようなバイアスを軽減することが可能かを実証的に検証することを目的とする。特に、男女平等に関する社会規範の情報発信に着目して検証を行う。 科学的根拠への信頼に与えるエコーチェンバー現象の影響 2022   　View Summary 気候変動は世界的な問題であり、これまで、気候変動に関する数多くの研究成果（科学的根拠）が発信されてきた。一方、気候変動に関する科学的根拠への信頼度は国や地域によって異なり、特に日本における信頼度は低い。科学的根拠への信頼を損なわせる要因として、エコーチェンバー現象の可能性が挙げられる。エコーチェンバー現象とは、閉鎖的なコミュニティ内において、特定の意見が繰り返し発信されることで、意見の真偽に関係なく、その意見が受容される状況を指す。本研究では、エコーチェンバー現象は気候変動に関する科学的根拠への信頼に影響するのかを実証的に検証することで、学術的に新しいエビデンスを提示することを目的とする。 環境に配慮した投資行動の決定要因：オンライン実験による検証 2021   　View Summary 近年、環境負荷の軽減ならびに持続的な経済成長を促進するため、環境配慮を加味した投資行動（ESG投資）が世界的に注目を集めている。ESG投資の増加によって、企業に対して環境配慮行動を促し、新しい環境技術の開発が期待される一方、本来は金銭的リターンが重視される投資行動の中で、どのような要因がESG投資行動に影響を及ぼしているのかは明らかにされていない。本研究は、個人が環境に配慮した投資を行うメカニズムを実証的に明らかにし、ESG投資の促進戦略について政策提言を行うことを目的としている。助成期間において、実験の準備の実施、ならびに外部資金の獲得を目指した。 開発途上国における初等教育の開発戦略：学生間のピア効果を用いた社会実験 2020   　View Summary 経済発展や貧困削減に関する議論の中で、教育投資の重要性は古くから指摘されてきた。しかしながら、資金制約の強い途上国において、どのような教育政策が児童の学力を高め、かつ費用対効果に優れているのかという点については結論に至っていない。本研究の目的は、学生同士のピア効果に注目し、ピア効果によって初等教育における学力向上が可能なのか、ランダム化比較試験（RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial）を用いた社会実験を実施して明らかにすることである。助成期間において、実験の準備の実施、ならびに外部資金の獲得を目指した。 学生間のピア効果を用いた初等教育の開発戦略：エチオピアと日本での社会実験 2019   　View Summary 本研究の目的は、学生同士のピア効果に注目し、ピア効果によって初等教育における学力向上が可能なのか、RCTを用いた社会実験を実施して明らかにすることである。研究対象地として、ペルー、リマ市を選定し、同市からランダムに12の小学校を選出した。当該期間において、実験対象となる12校の校長と面談し、実験実施の承諾を得た。また、2020年3月に、実験実施前の児童の学力を把握するための調査を実施した。 開発途上国における室内空気汚染に対する技術移転：ブータンでの社会実験からの考察 2018   　View Summary 発展途上国のエネルギー源はバイオマス燃料(薪炭材等)に頼っており、とりわけ料理等で使用される薪炭材は森林減少の主要な要因として懸念が高まっている。加えて、薪炭材の使用は、室内大気汚染の発生源であり、深刻な健康被害を引き起こしている。環境経済学の分野において、環境負荷および健康リスクが低い改良技術（改良かまどや電気ストーブ）への転換は主要な関心であるが、その決定要因は明らかにされていない。本研究の目的は、電気ストーブを採用する決定要因を社会実験（RCT）を実施することで明らかにすることである。 混合所有制度が森林保全におよぼす影響評価：エチオピアでの社会実験による検証 2016   　View Summary 森林減少は世界的な問題であり、とりわけ開発途上国において事態は深刻である。持続的かつ効果的な森林管理を行う条件として、土地の所有権を明確に確立することが挙げられる。しかし、どの所有形態が最も効果的であるかという点については議論が分かれており、とりわけ、開発経済学の分野では、私有制度と共有制度の間での議論が続いている。本研究では、私有制度と共有制度を組み合わせた混合所有制度を提言し、制度導入による資源管理への効果を定量的に検証することを目的とする。なお、事例対象として、エチオピア北部のメケレ市近郊を選定した。助成期間において、制度導入以前における森林状況の把握を行うための事前調査を実施した。 環境配慮型認証製品への消費行動にかかる障害の検証 2015   　View Summary 近年、世界的な環境問題に対して、環境配慮型農産物認証制度への注目が高まっている。認証製品への需要は、主に欧米諸国で高まっている一方、日本における市場シェアは極めて限定的である。しかし、日本において普及の阻害要因を厳密に検証した実証研究がないため、その要因は明確ではない。 そこで、本研究の目的は、日本において環境配慮型認証製品を購入する際に生じる障害を社会実験を通して特定することにある。2015年11月に、早稲田大学内で約250名の学生を対象に、視線測定装置（Eye Tracker）を用いたコーヒーの試飲実験を行った。現在、データ分析を終え、論文を執筆中にある。 ▼display all   Copyright (C) 2020 WASEDA University, All Rights Reserved.